Newborn Screening Review Essay

Infant Screening Review Essay The Significance of Newborn Screening Review Essay The Significance of Newborn Screening Review Essay The significance of infant screening is gigantic in light of the fact that this wellbeing program helps social insurance experts during the time spent recognizable proof and counteraction of various wellbeing undermining sicknesses, pathologies, and other wellbeing abandons. With assistance of infant screening specialists in the circle of social insurance can get important information where further testing ought to be suggested. The given paper expects to decide and evaluate the centrality of infant screening, survey measurements in various nations, including the Middle East, and, at last, focus on genuine infant maladies. Furthermore, a few successful techniques for counteraction of infant sicknesses will be assessed and assessed. Contemplating the meaning of infant screening, it is somewhat essential to take note of that this wellbeing program is basically purposed to screen newborn children after their introduction to the world so as to analyze genuine medical issues. The analysts guarantee that this system ought to be led not long after the introduction of kids, since it builds the odds either to treat or forestall wellbeing surrenders (CDC, 2014). Moreover, excellent infant screening may forestall unexpected passing of newborn child. It is fairly essential to underscore the way that these screening programs are not compulsory on the domains of numerous nations. Shockingly, these days such a large number of kids experience the ill effects of natural birth abandons, and that is the reason infant screening can decrease the level of various ailments. Regardless of whether youngsters look solid, the specialists prescribe guardians to demand infant screening, since this method may spare existences of kids experi encing different illnesses and deformities. Hence, this system has just demonstrated productive, as it has spared a large number of infant youngsters around the world from various deadly issue, including intrinsic mistakes of metabolic procedures, blood sicknesses, and other medical issues (CDC, 2014). Viability of Screening Tests As indicated by the aftereffects of insights, which remember the data about viability of screening tests for various nations, a large number of families around the world, incorporating those in the USA, Canada, European countries, and the Middle Eastern nations, allude to infant screening with the reason to diminish the horribleness and death rates among youngsters. These systems give an opportunity to individuals to direct compelling hereditary advising just as follow various preventive techniques (Ben-Omran, 2013). As indicated by the examination results, Qatar is one of the main nations in the Arab world that has extended infant screening projects and tests on national, local, and nearby levels (Ben-Omran, 2013). The administration of this nation urges individuals to lead infant screening with the main roles to analyze, give treatment, and forestall endocrine issue. For example, somewhere in the range of 2003 and 2012, in excess of 135 hundred a great many neonates were screened on the domain of Qatar. Besides, with assistance of these powerful tests and procedures, clinical experts in Qatar have the chance to recognize roughly 30 distinct ailments, including endocrine issues and inherent mistakes of digestion. Furthermore, these infant screening tests give an opportunity to identify not just exemplary types of innate infections and pathologies, however their uncommon variations too. The consequences of ongoing reports express that the measure of infant maladies is huge in the Middle East, ins tead of the Western world and many created European nations (Ben-Omran, 2013). The analysts guarantee that numerous obstructions forestall administrations of the Middle Eastern nations from actualizing compulsory infant screening programs. The most widely recognized deterrents incorporate the nonattendance of significant specialized structures, inaccessibility of assets and speculations for worldwide screening tests, extensively high birth rates, incredibly low salaries, and, at long last, deficient quantities of prepared doctors just as the absence of particular offices (Ben-Omran, 2013). As indicated by the outcomes gave by DACHDNC, the administration of the USA prescribes to screen infants for various infections. For example, it is assessed that infant screening can identify in any event 31 wellbeing surrenders and intrinsic sicknesses. Every year, a large number of kids on the domain of the USA are screened and, simultaneously, determined to have various hereditary imperfections, metabolic infections, and endocrine issues. It is fairly imperative to take note of the way that in the USA infant screening is viewed as an amazingly noticeable and huge state-based program that was actualized in the mid 1960s (Cordero et al, n. d.). R. Guthrie is the principal individual who effectively concocted a few screening tests and strategies for phenylketonuria, which is regularly alluded to as PKU. This clinical system was effectively performed in view of its effortlessness, as it included just a blood spot and a little channel paper card. During that timeframe, roughly 150 mill ion infant youngsters were screened with the basic role to analyze and forestall huge hereditary and inherent wellbeing surrenders (Cordero et al, n. d.). Contemplating logical examinations of medicinal services experts, most of newborn children with metabolic and hereditary wellbeing issue look and carry on typical during childbirth. Be that as it may, with time, these illnesses are advancing and, simultaneously, getting progressively noticeable to others. Subsequently, various tests and screening methodology have been fundamentally planned so as to set up conceivable treatment and forestall irreversible harms to human body. As per the estimations of the analysts, infant screening framework in the USA comprises of various parts that are firmly entwined (Cordero et al, n. d.). The primary essential component of infant screening depends on training of social insurance experts just as guardians. As per the subsequent segment, infant screening framework includes such methodology as assortment of example, accommodation, and, finally, testing. From that point onward, social insurance experts need to separate and clarify strange or inadmissible test outcomes. The fourth phase of screening framework incorporates required corroborative clinical strategies and foundation of exact conclusion as indicated by the consequences of tests. At last, the fifth and 6th periods of infant screening frameworks include such significant strategies as quality confirmation of clinical tests, legitimacy of methods, estimations of present moment just as long haul advantages of screening tests to kids or their families, and numerous other huge systems. Considering the consequence of logical explores gave by the National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center, roughly 5 thousand out of 4 million babies are determined to have serious or even deadly pathologies or ailments that can't be dealt with due to the nonattendance of compelling and powerful fix (Cordero et al, n. d.). Simultaneously, infant screening is perceived in the USA as one of the best projects that can diminish the level of infant youngsters with deadly pathologies to a base (Cordero et al, n. d.). The legislature of the USA has given specific resolutions or, as such, guidelines that bear the obligation regarding nature of general wellbeing infant screening tests and systems. In basic words, each different state in the USA decides either required or intentional nature of infant screening systems. At present, screening of babies is accessible in numerous structures on the region of the USA. Subsequently, every family, paying little mind to its source, zone of living arrangement, favored language, insight rates, and strict choices, have the chance to screen youngsters for wellbeing issue. The administration of the USA causes effective endeavors so as to guarantee general access to infant screening systems for all families that live on the domain of this nation. In any case, one factor that blocks the entrance of individuals to screening tests is legitimately associated with similarly significant expense of some screening tests. As indicated by the measurable information gave by t he Council of Responsible Genetics, roughly 98 % of newborn children that are conceived in the USA are screened for critical measures of acquired wellbeing conditions that are normally put away in specific state-worked databases (Cordero et al, n. d.). In any case, as of late, the measure of screening tests has altogether extended due to numerous reasons, including innovative headways. It is critical to focus on the specific report that was given by the American College of Medical Genetics in 2005. As indicated by the principle thought of this report, all states on the domain of the USA are empowered by the administrative organizations of to guarantee for residents of the USA screening of 29 wellbeing conditions that are usually delegated â€Å"core conditions† (Kilakkathi, 2012). The rundown of principle wellbeing conditions includes such serious metabolic maladies and heath surrenders as propionic just as isovaleric the scholarly world, maple syrus pee ailment, sickle cell iron deficiency, hearing issues, and numerous other wellbeing compromising pathologies and medical issues (Kilakkathi, 2012). What's more, auxiliary board includes 25 genuine wellbeing absconds, including malonic acidemia, argininemia, and numerous others (Kilakkathi, 2012). Along these lines, the specialists give persuading contentions that neonatal screening has been very well known on the region of European nations for over 50 years (Kilakkathi, 2012). At the end of the day, neonatal screening is viewed as one of the most very much created, financed, and administered wellbeing programs that give help to families and whole networks to raise solid kids. As indicated by the examination r

Palawan Case Essay

The name â€Å"Palawan† †most presumably †was given by the Chinese as far back as the ninth Century. They called it PA-LAO-YU, or â€Å"land of wonderful safe harbour†. Others trust it originated from the Indian word â€Å"Palawans† meaning â€Å"Territory†. The famous accept is that â€Å"Palawan† is a tainted type of the Spanish word â€Å"Para agua† in light of the fact that the fundamental island’s shape takes after a shut umbrella.The cutoff points of the Province are : Busuanga island in the north Agutaya gathering of islands upper east Cagayancillo (who has not caught wind of Tubattaha Reef) in the east Balabac island in the south Spratly †Kalayaan in the West I. About Palawan Islands Palawan is one of the Last Unexplored Islands in the Pacific, just as the area of the 1997 James Bond spine chiller â€Å"Tomorrow Never Dies.† Jacques Cousteau commented that Palawan was the most lovely spot he at any point investigated. Prestigious submerged pioneer Jacques Costeau has portrayed Palawan as having one of the most Beautiful Seascapes on the planet. Spread underneath the oceans are about 11,000 square kilometers of coral reefs. Bunches of fish swim in these submerged nurseries. Palawan most likely has more secured zones than some other territory in the Philippines. The Calauit Wildlife Sanctuary in the northern Calamianes islands is home to outlandish and endemic types of creatures that wander openly in its verdant slopes and fields. On the northern coastline, the El Nido Marine Reserve is noted for its eatable birds’ homes and limestone bluffs. In the Sulu Sea lies the Tubbataha reefs, a couple of coral atolls as of late named as a World Heritage Site for its exceptionally different assortment of fishes and other marine life. Along the west coast, the St. Paul Subterranean National Park highlights old-development woodlands, house of God caverns, white sand sea shores, and one of the longest underground waterways on the planet. In the South, Ursula Island is a shelter for transitory and inhabitant fowls. II. Individuals, Culture and Way of Living a. Batak The Batak, which implies â€Å"mountain people† in Cuyonon is a gathering of indigenous Filipino individuals that lives in the upper east segment of Palawan. They live in the rough insides of northeastern Palawan. Living near nature, they are a serene and modest individuals. These individuals have faith in nature spirits, with whom they convey through a babaylan or medium. b. Palaweã ±os Local brought into the world marsh inhabitants (calling themselves Palaweã ±os, a lot to the beguilement and trouble of the first ancestral gatherings, for example, the Palawan who are called Palawano by pariahs) incorporate the Cuyunon, Agutayanon sub-gatherings. The Cuyunons, initially from the island town of Cuyo in northern Palawan, are viewed as the exclusive class in this gathering. They are strict, trained and have an exceptionally evolved network soul. Their change to Christianity has prompted the merger of the animistic convictions of the Cuyunon with the Christian components to deliver a society Christianity which is the overarching conviction of the Cuyunon. The Agutayanons practice an easier island way of life, with angling and cultivating as their primary wellspring of employment. c. Palawano The Palawano clan, otherwise called Pala’wan (or Palawan, contingent upon sub-vernacular) or Palawano (just by pariahs), is one of the one of a kind and crude indigenous people groups of Palawan. They are a piece of the huge Manobo-based semantic gatherings of southern Philippines. They generally chase utilizing takes off and bamboo blowguns. d. Taaw’t-Bato The Taaw’t Bato implies â€Å"people of the rock†. They are not really a different language or ethnic gathering, yet rather a little network of conventional southwestern Palawanos who happen to dwell in the hole of a terminated fountain of liquid magma during specific periods of the year, in houses based on raised floors inside caverns however others have set their homes on the open slants. They are found in the Singnapan Basin, a valley limited by Mount Matalingahan on the east and the coast on the west. North of them is the district of Quezon and toward the South are the still unexplored locales of Palawan. They still crude in their way of life, even in the method of dressing. The men despite everything wear g-strings made of bark and fabric and the ladies wear a bit of material made into skirts to cover the lower body. Them two are half-bare however now and then ladies wear a pullover that isn't indigenous yet acquired through the market framework e. Tagbanwa The Tagbanwa clans, or â€Å"people of the world,† are found in focal and northern Palawan. They work on moving development of upland rice, which is viewed as an awesome blessing, and are known for their rice wine custom called pagdiwata. Focal Tagbanwas are found in the western and eastern beach front regions of focal Palawan. They are amassed in the districts of Aborlan, Quezon, and Puerto Princesa. Calamian Tagbanwa, then again, are found in Baras coast, Busuanga Island, Coron Island, Linipacan Calibangbangan, a Cultural Preservation zone (beyond reach to outsiders and the biggest Contiguous gathering), and in certain pieces of El Nido. Moving development of upland rice is a piece of their social and monetary practices. Rice is viewed as a celestial blessing and are matured to make rice wine, which they use in Pagdiwata, or rice wine custom. The clique of the dead is the way in to the strict arrangement of the Tagbanwa. They have faith in a few gods found in the common habitat. Their language and letters in order, practice of kaingin and basic confidence in soul-family members are a piece of their way of life. This gathering are magnificent in basketry and wood cutting. What's more, they are likewise celebrated for their delightfully made body frill. Their brushes, arm bands, accessories and anklets are typically made of wood, globules, metal and copper. III. Economy (Products) Palawan’s economy is fundamentally horticultural. The three significant harvests are palay, corn and coconut. Mineral assets incorporate nickel, copper, manganese, and chromite. Logging is likewise a significant industry. Palawan has one of the most extravagant angling grounds in the nation. About 45% of Manila’s gracefully of fish originates from here. Having petroleum gas stores of around 30,000 trillion cubic feet, the area is the main oil-creating territory in the nation. Furthermore, the travel industry is additionally a flourishing segment. Pearl jumping used to be a noteworthy monetary movement for Palawan until the coming of plastics. The world’s biggest pearl, the 240mm measurement Pearl of Lao Tzu, was found off Palawan in 1934. Palawan’s isolated attributes supply it with immense angling grounds. The assortments of fish trapped in business amounts are milkfish (bangus), eel and moray (palos, pindangga), grouper (lapu, kolapu), ocean bass (apahap), snapper (maya), specialist fish (labahita), slipmouth (sap), pomfret (pampano), mackerel (tangingi), sardines (tonsoy, tamban), anchovies (dilis), yellow balance and large peered toward fish (tuna, tambacol), swordfish (malasugi), shark (pating), beams (pagi), blue crabs (alimasag), mangrove crabs (alimango), lobster (banagan), white shrimps (hipong puti), shellfish (talaba), green mussels (tahong), mammoth mollusk (taklobo), squid (pusit), octopus (pugita). About 35% of the absolute national catch originates from Palawan. Palawan likewise has rich stores of minerals. Genuine mining and exploratory tasks are continuous for nickel, mercury (the greatest store in South East Asia), chromite, manganese, barite, feldspar, silica, guano, limestone, marble. There are new revelations of copper, gold, iron, asbestos, powder, quartz, earth and sulfur. In the upper east of the area †seaward †there is oil and gas. Palawan has 52 waterways, 4 little lakes and innumerable little streams. The most one of a kind among all these is the Princesa Underground River, purging in St Paul’s Bay on the west coast. The financial and farming business development of region is at 20% per annum. Coconut, sugar, rice, wood, and animals are delivered here. IV. Remarkable Sites a. Calauit Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary A game save and untamed life haven of extraordinary African creatures and jeopardized endemic creatures of Palawan. The save was set up on August 31, 1976 by prudence of the Presidential Decree No.1578, this was started in light of the intrigue of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature to help spare African untamed life when previous President Ferdinand Marcos went to the third World Conference in Kenya. By uprightness of the Republic Act 7611 (SEP), managerial ward of DENR was given to the nearby legislature of Palawan, successful December 31, 1993. The executives of the region is the duty of the Office of the Palawan Council of Sustainable Development (PCSD). It is situated in Calauit Island in Busuanga. b. Coron Reefs, Coron Bay, Busuanga Seven lakes encompassed by rugged limestone precipices draw in several nature darlings to Coron Reefs in Northern Palawan, close to the town of Coron. Busuanga Island, whose principle town is Coron, is the bounce off point for various plunge administrators. The chief jump destinations are 12 World War II Japanese wrecks sunk on September 24, 1944 by US Navy activity. They go inside and out from the surface to 40 meters. This enormous assortment offers energizing wreck investigation for aficionados, from amateur jumpers and swimmers and recreational jumpers to experienced TEC jumpers. The sea-going perspectives from the submerged Japanese warships off Coron Island are recorded in Forbes Traveler Magazine’s top 10 best scuba destinations on the planet. Plunge administrators offer PADI jump courses going from Discover Scuba to Assistant Instructor, Technical and Enriched Air Diving, just as other claim to fame courses. Plunge administrators offer day jumping, swimming outings, and overnight plunge safaris. Live-on board and sanction pontoons likewise offer making a plunge the region. c. El Nido Marine Reserve Park

Montessori and Child Early Learning and Development Essay

Montessori and Child Early Learning and Development - Essay Example The Montessori approach in itself is logical both in its point and substance. The Montessori approach at the Early Years Foundation Stage offers youngsters an opportunity to build up their inspiration and exercise their autonomy inside the ideal condition of the homerooms. The quiet climate, opportunity inside cutoff points and conscious perspectives empower and advance confidence and confidence (Isaacs 2010, p. 78). This sort of condition advances the improvement of the child’s individual, social and passionate parts of their life. The Montessori approach offers a kid an extraordinary chance to learn, investigate and create. The early years learning objectives of youngsters incorporate the passionate, social, and self-improvement of the kid, the child’s physical turn of events, imaginative turn of events, advancement of the child’s information and comprehension of the world and improvement of the child’s language correspondence and proficiency. The Montes sori approach gives a helpful situation, materials and exercises for the sole reason for accomplishing these essential objectives of the Early Years Foundation Stage. It is basic to have a comprehension of a child’s improvement so as to have a comprehension of the Montessori approach. As per Smith, Cowie, and Blades (2003, p. ... She accepted that it was a break from the real world and was crude. Jean Piaget, then again accepted that assume had a job in the psychological improvement of a kid. He accepted that adjustment relied upon osmosis and convenience forms and that kids showcased a previously settled conduct, in play, and adjusted reality to fit these. Vygotsys way to deal with play consolidated the subjective and full of feeling parts of advancement. He accepted that play is satisfaction of wish, not, anyway the separated wishes, however summed up influences. He accepted that the full of feeling drive power behind play is the fanciful and deceptive acknowledgment of the wants that are unrealizable, not with explicit motivations however from a general perspective to do with children’s authority and certainty. He accepted that play was the fundamental wellspring of advancement in kids during preschool years. Obviously, in view of the convictions of Montessori, Piaget and Vgotsys, play is of incredi ble incentive in the advancement procedure of a kid. In these paper we look at three exercises that kids can take part in and exhibit how the Montessori approach underpins the early learning and advancement d objectives of a youngster. Three exercises are broke down intently. They incorporate the rolling and unrolling of a tangle, spooning grains and zipping and unfastening. Every one of these exercises has a sole motivation behind empowering kids upgrade their learning and advancement and over the long haul meeting the necessities of the Early Years Foundation Stage. The learning ought to happen essentially because of the premiums and capacities of the youngsters and that any arranging accomplished for reasons for learning should consider this part of improvement and learning. Unrolling and moving of tangle According to Montessori for there to be close to home,

Transcending The Stress How A Michigan Ross Grad Thrived

Transcending The Stress: How A Michigan Ross Grad Thrived by: Pearly Tan on May 24, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 323 Views May 24, 2019Adrienne Rose with her family. Courtesy photoWhen Adrienne Rose first stepped onto the campus at the University of Michigan, she says she wasn’t one to handle stress. Stress made her feel overwhelmed and caused her to dwell on all the pressure and tasks instead of doing the things that needed to be done. But over the years, the Business Administration major at the Ross School of Business has adapted through challenging experiences throughout her time as an undergrad and became the commencement speaker for her graduating class.â€Å"The more often I was exposed to stressful situations, the better I was able to navigate them, Rose tells  PoetsQuants. I started making to-do lists and prioritizing my tasks, improving my efficiency and enabling myself to use that stress as motivation. Right now, I’m feeling bittersweet. I’m sad t o have graduated because I am ending what has been the most extraordinary chapter of my life so far.†Rose grew up in Mainline, a suburb outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with her parents, an older sister, and a family dog. She says her parents have always been loving and supportive and encouraged her to follow her passions. We spoke with her to find out a little more about her journey and what lies ahead after graduating from one of the worlds best undergraduate business schools. What was high school like and how did it influence you?I went to Lower Merion High School (in Ardmore, Pennsylvania). My biggest takeaway from high school was learning the benefits of being an active contributor to my environment. I realized how much more intriguing my classes became the more I engaged in the conversation. I became a student government officer, speaking with administration weekly to help improve practices and share my insights. The more involved I got both inside and outside of t he classroom, the more I enjoyed school.This mindset pushed me to become an active contributor on the UMich campus as well. I continued to engage in conversations in the classroom, speaking up constantly in my 80-person lectures the same as I had done in my 20-person high school classes. I sought out ways to contribute outside the classroom, joining clubs such as TAMID   where I work on a team to consult for Israeli startup companies. Becoming an active contributor in the UMich environment is what has enabled me to have such a fulfilling college experience.Rose. Courtesy photoWhy did you choose UMich?I’ve wanted to attend UMich forever. My Dad went there for graduate school and my sister followed suit, so by the time I was applying for colleges I knew I wanted to be a Wolverine. Despite knowing I wanted to go to UMich, I never would have expected to be a commencement speaker. In my commencement speech I actually said, If you had told me four years ago that I would be giving a graduation speech in front of thousands, I would possibly laugh but probably faint.What did you want to be when you first arrived at UMich and how has that changed?I knew I wanted to study business because I had started my own business in high school, â€Å"ShoeU† (shopshoeu.com). However, I didn’t know what area of business I wanted to focus on. While recruiting for a summer internship Junior year, I literally recruited for consulting, marketing, and finance roles because I am interested in all of those fields. Eventually, I accepted a position as a finance analyst at American Express, where I will be returning full-time in August. I’m still not sure what I want to â€Å"be† but as of now I am trying to learn as much as I can, and I think Amex provides the perfect environment to do so.One of the best hard skills I’ve acquired is my presentation skills. The Ross curriculum involves an incredible number of presentations, typically at least one pe r class. Due to this constant exposure to presenting, I became very comfortable making slide decks and public speaking. This ability to summarize findings in a concise and logical way, and to confidently and articulately share those findings with an audience is a skill that I know will prove valuable in my future.The best soft skill I’ve acquired is how to work in a team. The Ross curriculum places a huge emphasis on group projects, and the compositions of these groups are always assigned in a way that promotes diversity among team members. At first, I was frustrated that I could never pick my own teammates and work with my friends, however, I have grown to really see the value in this system. I have learned to work with people who are very different from myself, and how to facilitate a cooperative environment where we are able to leverage each team members’ strengths and perspectives. I know that any endeavor I pursue in my future will involve collaboration and cooper ation, therefore this skill will be extremely useful.What has been some of your best memories at UMich?My best memories are enjoying Ann Arbor with the incredible friends I’ve made at UMich. The thing that I have found most important to my personal health is ensuring that I am allotting time to spend with my friends. My friends give me energy, support, and happiness, so even when I am drowning in work I prioritize spending time with them.Whether we were ordering cheesy bread to the library during a late night study session, doing a bar crawl at our favorite local spots, or roaming through the streets of Florence while studying abroad, my friends have made all of our time together so special and fun. It is truly the people that make UMich such an extraordinary school, and all of my best times involve spending time with fellow Wolverines.Was there a time at Ross School of Business where you were challenged by disappointment?A big moment of disappointment for me was when I reali zed Ross did not offer Florence, Italy, as a possible destination in their study abroad program. I had been dreaming of studying abroad in Florence, and I was extremely disappointed that I could not study there while receiving Ross credits. It was possible to study abroad and not go through Ross, however, I was recommended against it by almost everyone I spoke with. Despite feeling unsupported in the decision, I made the choice to follow my dream and study in Florence where I would only receive seven general credits. Once this decision was made, I worked diligently on crafting a plan to ensure I would fit in all of my Ross credits before graduating. This meant my senior year would be loaded with challenging business courses, something that many seniors are able to avoid. This experience showed me the importance of prioritizing what is important to you and finding a way to make those things happen, even if it may be difficult.What among all that is happening in the world right now is most important and close to your heart and how do you follow it closely?An issue that is extremely important to me is the ongoing and growing anti-Semitism in America and the world right now. According to the Anti-Defamation League, 2018 had the third highest number of recorded attacks against Jews since the 1970s. Sadly, news about the uptake in anti-Semitism in America isn’t something I have to dig through national newspapers or my Twitter feed for. That’s because it’s something happening right before eyes, on my very campus. At the same university which — ironically — purports itself as a safe place for all students somehow allows hatred toward Jews to grow in plain sight.Just this past academic year at the University of Michigan, two professors rescinded their offers to write a letter of recommendation for a study abroad program after learning the program was in Israel. Furthermore, a speaker projected a slide comparing Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to Adolf Hitler — who murdered six million Jews — with the caption â€Å"Guilty of Genocide† in a required lecture.What I witnessed at UMich this year mirrors the textbook examples of the anti-Semitism that swept universities in Eastern Europe in the early 1930s before the Holocaust. If we do nothing, history will repeat itself.What is a belief you live and work by and why?My golden rule to live and work by is â€Å"you are your own brand, so build a brand you’re proud of.The way you behave and present yourself become the defining pillars of your brand. You must always be cognizant of your actions such as how you treat others, approach challenges, handle defeats and also handle successes. Any poor behavior can tarnish your brand, and that leads to a reputation that is difficult to overcome. On the other hand, when you are able to cultivate a brand that is genuine, dependable and valuable, people will want to buy into your brand.DONT MI SS: ONE BIZ GRADS ADVICE FOR OTHERS or DEANS QA: SCOTT DERUE, MICHIGAN ROSS Page 1 of 11

Essay Sample on The Comedy of Errors

Essay Sample on The Comedy of Errors The Comedy of Errors is one of the most acclaimed plays written by the stalwart literary artist, William Shakespeare. The playwright leaves no stone unturned to impact the audience with the quintessence of dramatic elements and affective appeal. A scrutiny of the play would lead to an introspective comprehension of the intricacies of the dramatic narrative. The play stands out with its effective characterization and exploration of thematic content through the actions and incidents that are portrayed to the audience. Shakespeare weaves the fictional characters in a way in which the audience would feel engaged and intrigued with the story that is being communicated to them by the play’s narrative. However, the character of Solinus has the most important role in the play as he decides the fate of Egeon early in the play, while he is also called upon to make decisions in other crucial situations. Thereby, he exudes the perfect traits of a good leader whose decisions reflect his co nscientiousness. The comedy is weaved by the playwright with utmost prowess by making apt use of situational occurrences that hog the attention of the audience and evoke their emotions. When Egeon comes to the city of Ephesus, he faces a trail for violating the law since he comes from the city of Syracuse which is an enemy city. The audience is introduced to the character of Solinus, the Duke of Ephesus, who presides over the trait of Egeon. It is evident to the audience that the character in context rules the town with utmost respect for the law. He comes across to be someone who feels he is bound by the institutionalized rules of the land, and he does not have the capacity to undermine the rules. He says, â€Å"Merchant of Syracuse, plead no more; / I am not partial to infringe our laws† (Shakespeare I.i.5-6). However, as the narrative progresses, it is evident that he is willing to change the law a little on compassionate grounds. While as per the law of the land, Egeon would require to die , the Duke allows him a day to raise the sum of a thousand marks that is needed from each every Syracusian merchant who is found inside the boundaries of the city of Ephesus. Thus, the character of Solinus shows the traits of a true leader with all his wisdom and compassion. He never comes across to be a despotic leader who reigns over the common people. Rather, he is someone who is willing to listen to them and consider their scenarios to the best of his ability. This action on the part of Solinus also substantiates the trait of comedy in this contextual play. Moreover, the character of Solinus has remained a patron to Antipholus of Syracuse for a long span of two decades from the time he arrived in the city. The Duke’s uncle had brought Antipholus of Syracuse to the city. He has even fought in the wars led by the Duke while Solinus went on to arrange the marriage of Antipholus of Syracuse with Adriana, an affluent lady. This proves the fact that the Duke is a good human being, and he values human relationships. There can be no denial of the fact that Solinus is a man of integrity and commitment. He shows enough responsibility toward the people of the city and his position as well. As such, it would be correct to say that William Shakespeare went on to weave the character in context as an archetypal one that represents the positive traits that are needed in a leader. The playwright shows how a good leader has to be wise and considerate in nature. Solinus is called upon in crucial times in the course of this play, thereby proving his worth and position as a leader. Shakespeare endeavors to make the audience understand how leaders have to be dependable and responsible. After listening to Egeon’s story, Solinus pities him. He says, â€Å"Hapless Egeon, whom the fates have markd / To bear the extremity of dire mishap!† (Shakespeare I.i.142-143). Also, he is able to link the tale to the occurrences of the day, and breaks his pledge about his inability to undo the laws of the land. Again, toward the end of the play, Adriana begs Solinus to intervene in her issue with her husband. She wants the Duke to remove her â€Å"husband† from the abbey. She tells the Duke that she wants to take him into her own custody. Thus, it is evident that Solinus is seen as the guardian figure in the city, and is called upon in crucial times. The characteristic traits exuded by Solinus are relevant for any good leader even in the present times. While the structure of the society has changed in all these years, the basic requirements for being a good leader have remained the same. A person needs to be committed, compassionate, conscientious, and wise for being able to lead others. He or she needs to have the qualities that would make others respect the person as in the case of Solinus. Hence, it would be apt to end by saying that the play, The Comedy of Errors, penned by William Shakespeare explores how Solinus is a good decision maker all through the course of the fictional narrative. The success of Shakespeare lies in portraying Solinus’ character with utmost detailing that hosg the attention of the audience with the sheer contrasting characteristics. The universal appeal and emotional impact of the play has made it get immortalized in the pages of literary history, while the play still enjoys utmost popularity and critical acclaim. The traits of Solinus remain extremely relevant, and the play works as the perfect exploration of human psyche and character.

An Ethical Mind That Respect For Others Into Something...

According to The Harvard Business Review â€Å"An ethical mind broadens respect for others into something more abstract. A person with an ethical mind asks herself, â€Å"What kind of a person, worker, and citizen do I want to be? If all workers in my profession adopted the mind-set I have, or if everyone did what I do, what would the world be like?†Ã¢â‚¬  (Fryer). I believe I definitely have an ethical mind, ever since I was child I always wondered what kind of overall person I would be and how that would affect others and my character. I always try to be as respectful and morally honest to everyone I come across and every situation in my life. I have actually wondered what if everyone not only in my profession, but in the world had the same mentality†¦show more content†¦A deontologist focuses on doing what is â€Å"right†. Like stated above, a lot of my ethical background has come from the characteristics I was taught as a child such as honesty, fairness, and respect for others. Although I do not have much professional leadership experience, in my personal and what I believe my profession style would be is a coaching approach. â€Å"A coaching approach is a high directive-high supportive style. In this approach, the leader focuses communication on both achieving goals and meeting followers’ socioemotional needs (Northouse, 2016, p.94). These types of leaders are approachable, provide personal and professional support, and are friendly. This is the kind of leader I would want to be, efficient in work productivity, but also welcoming and supportive of my employees. This style of leadership builds trust and honesty, which makes employees more likely to present ethical dilemmas to you, because they know the issue will be dealt with in a fair and just manner. One leadership model that I value is Blake and Mouton’s Managerial (Leadership) Grid. â€Å"The Leadership (Managerial) Grid joins concern for productions and concern for people in a model that has two interesting axes† (Northouse, 2016, p.75). The horizontal axis signifies the leader’s concern for production, and the vertical axis signifies the leader’s concern for people. Each side of the grid is drawn to a 9 point scale, in which a 1 stands for minimum concern and a 9 stands for maximumShow MoreRelatedKierkegaards Fear And Trembling Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesmathematician, scientist and philosopher. Descartes doubted everything he had ever learned; his way of thinking is called hyperbolic or Cartesian doubt. According to his philosophy, within the world of ideas there is clearance sale; everybody has a shop (their mind) and everything in ones head is ones ideas and beliefs. Reaching a point where one doubts everything is not easy to attain, yet hu manity, on the whole, believes this is the starting point. Descartes denied himself of many things in order to reachRead MoreTok Essay - Ethics and Math1702 Words   |  7 Pagescould argue that mathematics and ethics are the underlying essentials above which our society has based itself. Scores of cities have built their infrastructures using measurements and methods founded in mathematics. Our inherent ethical natures have catalyzed the great minds from ancient civilizations to create democracies, and have enabled our generations to uphold these same moral principles. While both these studies are so readily used today, when comparing them it is essential in understandingRead MorePlato s Theory Of The Forms1704 Words   |  7 Pagespolitics during his time and this was reflected in much of his philosophy, as he writes about different political questions from a philosophical perspective in dialogues such as The Republic. Plato’s unique style of writing really set him apart from other philosophers and provided a new way of understanding different philosophical ideals. Plato mostly used the literary device of dialogue to write that consisted of storytelling between people to express the main themes and ideas of his philosophy toRead MoreAristotle s Influence On Western Culture1511 Words   |  7 PagesPlato’s Academy until Plato’s death in 348 B.C. The importance of Plato’s philosophical influence is apparent in all of Aristotle’s works. Even when he is critical which, in the extant writings, is a great part of the time , he expresses a deep respect for Plato’s genius. Aristotle then abruptly left Plato’s Academy shortly after Plato’s death. He then became associated with a group of Plato’s disciples living with Hermias, a former student at the Academy. Hermias had become the ruler of the townsRead MoreSelf-Disclosure Essay1729 Words    |  7 PagesTherapist Self-Disclosure 1 Running head: THERIPIST SELF-DISCLOSURE IN GROUP THERAPY Therapist Self-Disclosure 2 Abstract The effects that counselor self-disclosure can have on group members and the appropriateness of when to use self disclosure will be explained in this paper. The author will discuss the ethical dilemmas that may arise when counselors divulge too much information, as well as a discussion of what the clients perceptions may be of such disclosure and the positiveRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Management ( Obm ) Is A Essential Part Of The Success Of A Company1419 Words   |  6 Pages Management Organizational Behavior Erika Padilla New Mexico Highlands University The History of Management 455 Professor Michael Moody Abstract Organizational Behavior Management (OBM) is a vital part of the success of a company. The employee’s thoughts and actions even considering culture are thoroughly analyzed. This idea allows managers to improve not only individual behavior but also group dynamic performances/interactions and workers safety. This theory is considered as aRead MoreThe Origin Of Good And Evil By Richard Taylor And Why Morality Is Not Relative By James Rachels1741 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween right and wrong can be made; the emergence of good and evil, the emergence of right and wrong, that if there no good and no evil, there is nothing but bare facts of this kind or that; the emergence of right and wrong, which he explained about ethical notions as right and wrong or for moral obligation as long as we imagined a world containing only one purposeful and perceptive bring, although the presence of such as being was enough to produce good and evil; right and wrong as relative to rulesRead MoreIs Journ alism An Integral Aspect For The Human Race?1472 Words   |  6 PagesJournalism has become an integral aspect for the human race in the last 100 years. It has allowed the average citizen to be more informed with their community and have a better means to influence their government. As time progressed, it only made sense that a more refined development of news coverage was developed. Unfortunately, in order to be prosperous, a news organization needs to have views and may try to sensationalize a story. This may lead to false assumptions and disorder and such acts areRead MoreThe Stoning of Soraya M1547 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ thanks The Stoning of Soraya M Carolina Jimenez, RN Miami Dade College Culture in Nursing Practice Dr. Deborah Robinson Abstract The Stoning of Soraya is an American film from 2008 based on the adaptation from French Iranian journalist Freidoune Sahebjam s 1990 book, which is based on a true story. The story is about a woman named Soraya; she is falsely accused of being unfaithful by her own husband, who has been trying to divorce her in order to marryRead MoreMadoff Securities Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Assignment 1: Madoff Securities Abstract In the case of Bernie Madoff this is perfect example of how unethical behavior can turn into corruption. Madoff, a former investment and stock broker, was formally introduced to the world as the sole operator in the largest Ponzi scheme on record. Madoff turned his financial management company into a colossal Ponzi scheme that swindled billions, from thousands of his investors. In this paper we determine the regulatory

Mamie Clark free essay sample

Due to her father having a practice in town the family had achieved middle class status and was allowed into many establishments that were normally whites only, which during that time in Arkansas was rarely heard of. Even though few higher educational opportunities were open to black students, after graduating from Langston High School in 1934, Mamie was offered several scholarships and chose to accept one from Howard University. (Cherry,2013) Mamie chose to study at Howard University because it was located in the nations capital and because of the many accomplished black members of its faculty whom she viewed as role models. She began her studies at Howard as a math major, minoring in physics. There she met her future husband, Kenneth B. Clark, who was studying for his master’s in psychology. After not getting much encouragement from her professor’s in mathematics, Kenneth encouraged Mamie to change her major to psychology for employment possibilities and the chance to explore her interest in children. We will write a custom essay sample on Mamie Clark or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Cherry, 2013) When completing her master’s degree in 1939, she worked and studied children in an all-black preschool. During that time she met with pyschologists, Ruth and Gene Harley who were studying self-identification in young children and encouraged Mamie to do the same with the children in the preschool. This resulted in her completed thesis The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children. (Cherry,2013) MAMIE CLARK 3 Mamie transferred to Columbia University to finish her doctorate degree, where she graduated in 1943 as the second African American to earn a degree (first eing her husband, Kenneth Clark). Then Drs. Mamie and Kenneth Clark used their research with children to show that black children became aware of their racial identity by the age of 3 and by segregating them from white children the children saw their race as negative. This led the Clark’s to present their findings during desegregation trials for the NAACPs case in Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned racial segregation in public schools in 1954. (Mamie Clark, 2013) After several years working in public and private social services being unsatisfied with what she saw, Mamie founded the Northside Center for Child Development, the first center to provide therapy for children in Harlem. At a time when public schools were illegally enrolling many black children into programs for the mentally handicapped, the center conducted its own intelligence tests, fought the schools, and empowered the local population. Realizing that therapy alone could not address the affects of racism on the community, Northside also assisted families with their housing and financial difficulties. Mamie Clark worked for Northside until retirement in 1980 and died three years later of cancer. (Mamie Clark, 2013) Using the Sociocultural aspect of psychology, it is easily seen that Mamie Clark was influenced by social and cultural she experienced in her life. Growing up in Arkansas during the times where racism were very apparent and segregation was dominant, she was fortunate enough to have been born into a middle class family. Mamie was able to see both sides of the segregation by being allowed into white establishments. This had a significant impact on her way of thinking, she wanted to both races to be seen equally and this eventually led to her involvement in the desegregation of public schools. MAMIE CLARK 4 References Mamie Clark, a Supporter of the Black Child. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from http://www. aaregistry. org/historic_events/view/mamie-clark-supporter-black-child Cherry, Kendra. Mamie Phipps Clark Biography. (2013). Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from

Middle East Essays (3412 words) - Geography Of Asia, Asia

Middle East Middle East has not known peace for many years; Israel-Arabic conflicts have seen many lives wasted as each camp argues its rights to the land in dispute. The cause of the conflicts is very complicated. The present Israel nation was originally Canaan and was conquered in 1250 B.C by the Jews. King Solomon reigned over the land from 961-922 B.C after which the land was split into two kingdoms. The southern region (Judah) was conquered by Babylonians who chased the residents (Jews) to exile. It was not after 70 years that the Jews started going back to Israel and reconstructed the Solomon temple that had been destroyed. The Jews settled in the land but 63 B.C Judea was incorporated as a Roman province in Palestine. The Jews kept protesting against the Roman rule, the protests were put down by Emperor Titus. The Temple of Solomon was destroyed shortly after this (70 A.D). This was the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora. Emperor Hadrian allowed the Jews to return back to Israel during his reign; 118-138 BC. Then there was a revolt in 133 A.D the Jews were burnished from Jerusalem, and it was utterly destroyed. In 638 A.D the Arabs conquered the former land of Israel and occupied it. They latter established mosques in the land especially at Al- Asqa where Jerusalem was located and Al- Qods , at an area where the Muslims believe Prophet Mohamed ascended. The land remained under the control of Muslims until the Jews were mandated to occupy the land by the United Nations so as to establish Israel (Thompson, 1992). Zionist Movement- Return Of Israelites Zionist movement (Jews in Diaspora) started claiming back the land that was originally theirs: where Israel stood. When in 1897 they started taking root and demanding their land back, the Palestinians had already fully occupied that land. The core of the conflict between the Jews/ Israel and the Arabs/ Palestinians is: both claim the same land to be rightfully theirs. 25,000 Jewish immigrants moved into Palestine in 1903 and between 1904 and 1914 another batch of 40,000 immigrants came in. They started living amidst 500,000 Arabs. Ottoman Turks controlled Palestine until they were forced out by British and Arab forces. Latter on (1917), the British colonial power committed themselves to help restore Palestine to the Jews (Balfour declaration). Over the following years the Zionist movement continued to bring in more Jews to Palestine (Eisenberg, 2002). Start Of Conflict- Establishment Of Israel The increase of the Jews in Palestine stirred up the Arabs to oppose their threatened nation. In 1937 the British proposed a need to divide the land between Jews and Palestinians. The Jews were to take 1/3rd of the land including the coastal plain and Galilee. The Arabs rejected the proposal demanding the end of Jewish migration. They embarked on establishing a single and unified Arabic state but with a provision to provide protection for the minority (Jews). The UN was handed the mandate of handling the conflict by the British in 1947. Immense conflicts were faced as hundreds of thousands of Jews were displaced by the Nazis. The UN proposed for division of the land (56.47% to Arabs and 43.53% to Jews) a proposal that was rejected by the Arabs. The Jews started forcing the Palestinians out of their villages by 1947 December ( Tessler , 1994). On 14th May 1948 the Nation of Israel was proclaimed, and without delay the British troops left. This was followed by frequent wars between the Arabs and Israel. The Jews made more progress towards the Palestinian land. There was massacre upon Palestinians and many freed to Egypt, Lebanon and Trans-Jordan. The Jews conquered the coastal plains, Negev and Galilee. Just one day after the establishment of Israel nation, forces from Iraqi, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt and Jordan invaded Israel only to be crushed. Egypt took the Strip of Gaza as Jordan took the land around Jerusalem: West Bank totaling to 25% of Palestinians land ( Tessler , 1994). Arab Attack Of Israel Since 1948 the Arab nations have kept on plotting their attack of Israel to capture back the land they believe is theirs. Arab governments formed Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

International Marketing Management Essays

International Marketing Management Essays International Marketing Management Essay International Marketing Management Essay Avery Wellness (M) Sdn Bhd is a private company specialise in total skin care and beauty product solutions in Malaysia. The company began its operation in Malaysia since 1990. Follow Me Industries Sdn Bhd is the sole manufacturing facility for all skin care and beauty products to Avery Wellness (M) Sdn Bhd. Avery Wellness business model involved in marketing and distributing skin care and sun care products within Malaysia market. The main distribution centres in Malaysia focus in all pharmacy chains, departmental stores and beauty retailers.The company is envisaged to transform from a local enterprise into a multinational brand company with growth plan to tap into overseas market. The company has a headquarter base in Subang Jaya Industrial Park with total 80 employees. The advantage of Avery Wellness products are HALAL accreditation and this gave the company a strong market presence in Muslim segment. The company with its marketing and branding strategy by le veraging on local Muslim celebrity as ambassador to successful help the brand enters the Muslim market. 2. 2 Vision and MissionAvery Wellness is visioning to capture the South East Asian market and to emerge as a dominant company in providing skin care and sun care solution for all consumers. The mission of Avery Wellness is to provide continuous innovative and reliable product to overcome all man and woman skin problems with a product certified halal accreditation. 2. 3 Sales Revenue Avery Wellness average sales revenue for the past 3 years from 2010 to 2012 mainly contributed from 3 major brands which are Ageless solution, Clear Clean and Sun Safeâ„ ¢ (Table 1).The percentage of contribution is 46%, 20% and 34% respectively. The Sun Safeâ„ ¢ brand has two main sun care products which are Sun Safeâ„ ¢ Face and Sun Safeâ„ ¢ Body. Currently the market share for these two products in sun care category is more than 35% in Malaysia. Table 1: Sale Revenue on Skin Care Brand for Avery Wellness Brand2010 (RM/Million)2011 (RM/Million)2012 (RM/Million)Averagepercentage Ageless5. 55. 86. 05. 7746% Clear Clean2. 42. 52. 52. 4720% Sun Safeâ„ ¢4. 24. 34. 34. 2734% Total Revenue12. 112. 12. 812. 5100% 2. 4 International Market Entry Objective In view of sales revenue stagnancy from year 2010 to 2012, and increasing of fixed and variable cost yearly such as cost of goods sold, salaries and wages, interest expenses and promotion, thus impacting in net income yearly. In fact, there is significant descent of net profit from 11. 4 % to only 9. 9% in year 2012 (Appendix 1). In order to sustain business growth and achieve imperative profitability, step to enter international market is essential.In particular, sustained economic growth has been experienced in emerging economies, which have become a source of expanding market opportunities and are currently underpinning the global recovery (Zizah Che Senik et al, 2010). Malaysia policy of governance encourages local SME to go International. In the effort to encourage SMEs to go global, SME Corp has introduced the National Mark of Malaysia Brand which is a certification process, audited and monitored by Sirim.Through this initiative, Malaysian Brands are developed not just for the local market, but with the intention that they would be good enough to penetrate international markets (Mohd Rithaudden Makip, 2012) In addition, the SME Master plan (2012-2020) has also outlined a High Impact Programme – Going Export Programme that will focus on addressing challenges faced by SMEs on entering new markets overseas, which include high upfront costs and the lack of detailed knowledge about the markets and local competitors (Charles Fernandez, 2013). 3 Country and Market Entry Analysis 3. 1 Country AnalysisIndonesia, Thailand and Singapore are selected as the potential markets for Avery Wellness’s expansion plan to sell HALAL accreditation sun care products. In order to minimize business fa ilure and find out the best of the country market, three candidate markets (Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore) which are the most nearest country to Malaysia are chosen to make comparison for the first step of Avery Wellness to success. The selection of oversea markets is a vital issue for a company, this is imperative as the international business environment is turbulent and more uncertain as compared to domestic market.Therefore, fully identify the potential opportunities cab be exploited while minimizing threats and risks (Fariza Hashim et al, 2010). 3. 1. 1 PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis will be used to focus the discussion within this analytical framework on the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors that may influence the business operation for the company (Kotler 1994). A company must be aware of many considerations such as differences in language and customs as well as political and legal when doing business internationally (Farese et al, 2002).Table 2: Comparison of PESTEL on Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore Analysis FactorCountry IndonesiaThailandSingapore Political Legal(tax)Doing business in Indonesia is complex and time consuming. This is because of negotiation through the regulatory and industrial landscape. Corruption in the country is active at all levels. Skin care Import duties and taxes of 10% are applied in this country. Thailand is an export-dependent country. A total of $ 223 billion worth of goods in 2011 were exported, accounting 69% of its GDP. Corruption and lack of transparency still a major concerns especially in procurement tender.Thailand’s average applied tariff rate is 11%. Highest tariff rates applied to imports competing with locally produced goods. Skin care is 35% of import duties and taxes. Singapore is a free port country. More than 99% of all imports enter Singapore duty-free. It is a liberal trading regime. Singapore is a strong intellectual property protection country wi th virtually no corruption. Singapore levies a 7% Goods and Services Tax (GST), including skin care products. Economic (Gross Domestic Product) Indonesia is the largest population with 240 million in Southeast Asia.GDP growth above 6. 5% in 2011 and projected to remain above 6%. GDP per capita of $3,500. .The total population in Thailand in year 2012 is 67 Million. Thai economy grew only 1% in 2011, as the devastation caused by severe flooding that happened yearly in the country. GDP growth rate only 5. 5% in year 2012 and estimated will be above 7. 5% in year 2013. Total population in in year 2012 is 5 Million Singapore economy expanded by 14. 5% in year 2012, become the second fastest growing economy in the world. GDP is expected sustainable growth of 4% in 2013.Social CulturalRich natural resources country with very strong domestic demand. Bahasa is a common speaking and language used in Indonesia. Indonesian labor cost is relatively low by compare other Southeast Countries. Con sumers are extremely price-conscious; prefer lower prices over product quality. Thai and English are the most common spoken language in the country. Labor cost is moderate, where unemployment rate in 2010 only 1% of the labor force. Most citizen and people are highly educated. English is common language for business and education. Local labor laws are flexible.EnvironmentInfrastructure and service networks still under developed in the country. Most of the area are rural and with more than 180 islands in the country. Severe flooding occurred yearly. It caused thousands of homes were inundated and many business operations affected. Singapore levies high excise taxes on motor vehicles and petroleum products due to environmental reason. TechnologyMobile internet is now emerges in the country, providing opportunities to do business through internet. E-Commerce technology enables Thai to support â€Å"business to business† collaboration.It is another technology upcoming trend in th e country. Telecommunications and Internet facilities in Singapore are extremely well developed. Resource: 2012 Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies ( state. gov/) 3. 2 Selection of Country Base on the PESTEL analysis (Table 2), Indonesia will be the best country as the target market of Sun Safe expansion plan outside Malaysia because of its the excellent overall performing ability, widely accepted culture, comparably higher economic growth with less interest rate, and moderate corporate tax rate.What’s more the fact that Indonesia is the largest population growth country which means a vast room for expansion has make it a more attractive market than Thailand and Singapore. 3. 3 Type of Entry mode The expansion into Indonesia market usually could be achieved by indirect investment such as exporting, licensing, trading, joint venture and direct investment. Export Trading Company acts more like an agent to pay the manufacturer for the exported products and thereafter se ll the product to interested buyers.There is an advantage to help securing foreign market share on behalf of its clients (Fariza hashim et al, 2010). Avery Wellness is recommended to start its business by appointing a local trading and distribution company in the targeted sun care market. The reasons of appointing a trading company are 2 folds: First of all, risk can be transferred to the appointed local company in the new market development. This is because risks still exist since such market expansions come along with potential failures besides profit makings.Secondly, a well established local trading and distribution company has been proved successful pool their resources such as experiences, technologies and capitals together to expand the business in a fast speed. 3. 4 Trading Company Analysis and Selection In order to minimize the rate of failure and ensure the success entry to Indonesia market, an audit to local well known trading companies is made to compare the background o f the company, services provided, distribution channel coverage and the reliabilities of the company (Fariza Hashim et al, 2010).There are 3 local trading companies which are PT Dos Ni Roha, PT Maha Jaya Suksesindo and PT Fremont Nusametal Trading that already well-established in Indonesia (Table 3). PT Dos Ni Roha is the best trading company of Avery Wellness because of its market expansion in Indonesia that covers a lot of states and operational experiences in the business. Table 3: Comparison of Trading Companies in Indonesia PT Dos Ni Roha (DNR Distribution)PT Maha Jaya Suksesindo (MJS)PT Fremont Nusametal Trading (FNT) Company BackgroundPT Dos Ni Roha (DNR) was established in year 1963. The company is now a truly professional distributor in the country.PT Maha Jaya Suksesindo (MJS) is a 15 years old trading company in Indonesia and primary business is exporting fast moving consumer goods to Indonesia Borneo and Sumatra island, and other part of ASEAN countries. PT Fremont Nusam etal Trading (FNT) main business is distribution home appliances for international brands such as Sony, Panasonic and LG in Indonesia. The company was established in 1985. Scope of ServicesSales and distribution of pharmaceutical products, consumer products, medical supplies and equipment including after sales service. Logistics services including importation, storage, shipping and inventory managementExport and distribution of consumer goods. Trading and distribution of home appliances. Distribution ChannelDNR has 30 branches and 19 sub-branches spread out all over Indonesia: Java Island (greater Jakarta, west Java, central Java, east Java), Bali Nusa Tenggara, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Jayapura. MJS distribution is mainly in the sub-urban and rural areas of Indonesia especially in Sumatra island. The 8 sales offices of MJS are for exporting businesses. FNT has the largest distribution coverage across the 3 main islands of Indonesia – Java, Sumatra and Borneo. The bus iness model of FNT is wholesaling of the home appliances.Business LicenseTrading license with ability to do product registration as currently distributing consumer health supplement products. Trading and Export license but MJS only experience in trading locally produced consumer goods. Trading license on home appliances Current Business PartnersDNR is one of the trading company for international consumer goods of Unilever, Kraft Food and leading local beauty products Mustika Ratu and international L’Oreal and medical products B. Braun, Novartis, Schering Plough. Yummy Food Utama is the largest consumer goods in Indonesia with brands such as Indomie and Yam Yam instant noodles.MJS is the sole trading company. Wholesaling partners for Sony, Panasonic and LG. FNT also is sole distributor of Yamaha heavy equipment in Indonesia such as water pumps, and power generators. Source: Indonesia Business Directory, www. gdgindonesia. com 4. Market and Industry Analysis 4. 1 Porter’ s Five Forces Analysis Competitive rivalry within an industry An industry could be defined as substance between the established competitors and the substitute products (Porter, 2008). And the competitive rivalry exists between the established competitors in the same product segment and it is the center of the Michael Porter’s five forces model.Sun care industry in Indonesia, though there are many large corporations such as Beiersdorf and Oriflame Coemetics, but the industrial competitive rivalry would not obviously affect Avery Wellness as there is still a large potential growth of sun care in the country. Bargaining power of customers The bargaining power of the customers also poses significant influence over the business behaviors within the sun care industry. Such forces usually could be seen in term of forced down prices, demand for higher-quality or more services and pit rival organizations against one another (Porter, 2008).However, most customers with small quantity of purchase still having low bargaining power though they only demand in effectiveness product. Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants comes is quite high due to the low entry barriers in Indonesia. This is because Sun Care products can be imported easily into the country of only 10% import taxes imposed. Besides, Indonesia with population of 240 million people among Southeast Asia country is attracted with all multinational company to tap into this large resource country.Bargaining power of supplier Collaborations with manufacturer Follow Me Industries Sdn Bhd in Malaysia has given Avery Wellness a quality assurance and stability supplied of innovative products. Base on the excellence working relationship for more than 20 years with existing cooperation, it should be possible for Avery Wellness to control such increases in bargaining power from suppliers due to the increasing demand of products during the execution of the Indonesia market expansion plan. Threat of substitu te productsThe threat from substitute products to sun care products is very less thanks to the ingredients of sun reflective function named titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. This is because the 2 main ingredients only can be used on sun protection purpose. 4. 2 SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis used to summarize audit which concentrates upon main issues for objectives, strategies and tactics. The audit consists of internal current strengths and weakness that largely controllable, and also external future opportunities and threats that unpredictable (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). Table 4: SWOT Analysis InternalStrength: Both have been establishing for more than 20 years and expertise in product sales and marketing strategy. -Halal certification for both sun care products help to gain more Muslim consumers which is occupied of 65% of Malaysian populations and 95% of Indonesian populations. Weakness: -Avery Wellness as a Distribution company in fact fully reliable on Follow Me as a Manufactur er to provide sun care product. -Market development solely dependent on PT BNR as trading company without involving in any management and strategic planning. ExternalOpportunity: -Indonesia population estimated to be more than 250 million with 58% live in Java island. Similar tropical country with sunny weather almost throughout the year to promote the using of Sun Care product. -Common language and culture between Malaysia and Indonesia which provide easy platform for market development. Threat: -Sun Care products can be imported easily into Indonesia because of only 10% import taxes imposed. -Plenty of existing premium Sun Care brands such as Cllinique, Clarins, Biotherm are entering Indonesia market. -Sun protection awareness is still primarily high only in Jakarta district. But the sub-urban and rural populations are very lacking of health conscious towards sun protection. 4. Total Market Size and Share of Sun Care Despite the market size of Sun Care in Indonesia relatively low compare to other country such as Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand even though at same currency exchange, whereby Indonesia population is 5-10 times larger compare to these countries, but still it shown the growth of sun care market ascent almost double from 11. 3 bn Rupiah to 20. 2 bn Rupiah within 6 years from 2007 to 2012 (Table 5). Positively, a sun care product is expected to have greater growth rate in Indonesia market. Table 5: Sun Care Market Size of Indonesia Sun Care2007200820092010201120122012 * (RM mn)World (US$ mn)6,817. 17,557. 77,521. 28,161. 89,043. 39,094. 22,860. 0 Indonesia (Rp bn)11. 311. 911. 613. 516. 720. 26. 36 Malaysia (RM mn)9. 39. 49. 69. 79. 910. 110. 1 Singapore (S$ mn)14. 515. 416. 217. 318. 619. 648. 9 Thailand (Bt mn)1,046. 21,200. 81,183. 01,282. 21,401. 71,597. 0162. 0 Resource: Euromonitor International 2013 *Equivalent to Ringgit Malaysia Table 6: Indonesia Sun Care Brand and Company Shares 2007-2012 BrandCompany Name (GBO)200720082009201020112012 NiveaBeiersdorf AG40. 141. 446. 042. 236. 843. 0 OriflameOriflame Cosmetics SA24. 319. 19. 214. 321. 412. 2 Nu SkinNu Skin Enterprises Inc6. 6. 28. 39. 210. 010. 9 The Face ShopLG Household Health Cate Ltd8. 08. 39. 09. 6 VaselineUnilever Group-4. 35. 15. 55. 67. 4 Banan BoatEnergizer Holdings Inc3. 74. 14. 43. 93. 24. 3 BiothermLoreal Groupe3. 23. 33. 73. 43. 02. 9 CliniqueEstee Lauder Cos Inc1. 62. 22. 52. 42. 22. 0 ClarinsClarins SA1. 21. 71. 81. 61. 51. 4 RossolareGalenium Pharmasia Laboratories PT0. 30. 30. 40. 40. 40. 4 The Face ShopFaceshop Co Ltd6. 76. 7- OthersOthers12. 610. 710. 68. 86. 96. 0 Total100. 0100. 0100. 0100. 0100. 0100. 0 Source: Euromonitor International 2013 from trade sources/national statistics (Sun Care in Indonesia)The Sun Care brand shares held by most leading companies in Indonesia remained fairly stable from year 2007 to 2012 (Table 6). The top 3 sun care brands mainly imported from international market are Nivea, Oriflame and Nu Skin, total dominated 65-70% of sun care sales in Indonesia from year 2007 to 2012. Beiersdorf Indonesia with its Nivea Sun brand continued to lead sun care with a 46% value share in 2009. The notable fluctuation brand was Oriflame, which its overall share declined from 24. 3% to 12. 2% throughout year from 2007 to 2012 instability.However, Rossolare is the only local sun care brand owned by Galenium Pharmasia Laboratories PT at 0. 3% of total market share (Table 6). 5. Marketing Strategy 5. 1 Marketing Objectives Key Objective of Avery Wellness and PT BNR are to have Market Development of Sun Care segment in Indonesia market order to achieve: 1. Increase company sales revenue contributed from sun care brand market penetration: a. 10% in year 2013, b. 20% in year 2014 and c. 25% in year 2015. (From RM 12. 6 Mil- 2011 to RM 21. 0 Mil- 2015). (Appendix 1) 2. Capture 20% of sun care market share in Indonesia (2012 total market size in Indonesia RM 6. Mil/ 20. 2 bn Rupiah) 3. Achieve 15% net profit margin i n Sun Care product segment in line with profitability generated from other skin care segment within 3 years. 5. 2 Financial Budget 5. 2. 1 Funding Avery Wellness indirect investment strategic to appoint a local trading company in entering Indonesia new market development needs both parties commitment to success the plan. So, both parties need to have contribution in startup capital base on 2:1 ratio whereby Avery Wellness will be contributing RM 500,000 and PT DNR required allocating RM 250,000 as capital to start up the business in Indonesia (Appendix 2). . 2. 2 Working Capital Cash Flow statement is an indication to show cash coming in and out every month. It is essential for a company to use cash to pay business expenses such as bills, wages, merchandise and even unexpected expenses (Farese et al, 2002). Projected cash flow statement (Appendix 3A 3B) shows the budget planning start from December 2012 as a business startup month. Total funding of RM 750,000 (value equivalent to r upiah VER) use to pay for 2 months inventories (sun care products), import duties of 10% and promotion support in Indonesia market.Account receivable is base on 60 days term and expected cash is recovered in month of March 2013 with RM 120,000 (VER) sales collected on every subsequent month onwards. Monthly wages, general operating and administrative expenses start from month January 2013 at fixed cost of RM 24,000 and RM 5,500 respectively base on monthly basis. Inventory cost at RM 84,000 (VER) will be paid quarterly to store for 3 months supply. Product registration cost of RM 8,000 is used at one off payment to get qualified certificate to sell sun care product within Indonesia. 5. 2. 3 Sales Forecast and ProfitabilitySun SafeTM brand consists of Sun Sport body and Sun Defense face are forecasted to generate additional sales of RM 1. 2 mil in 2013 (Appendix 4). A successful marketing plan is to achieve company main objective by generating satisfaction profit (Kotler 1994). Net profit ranges is expected between 12-19% yearly, which is above the company net profit of 9. 9% in year 2012. 5. 3 Market Mix George Michael (2004) classified the 4 Ps marketing such as Product, Price, Place and Promotion as marketing mix. The target market for Sun SafeTM brand is focused on population in mass market of all age in Indonesia. 5. 3. Product There are 2 Sun care products named Sun Sport body and Sun Defense face to be sold in Indonesia market. Base on Warren Keegan model (table 7), there are 5 international product and communication strategies (Keegan Green, 2011) Table 7: Warren Keegen Model Source: (Keegan Green, 2011)) Avery Wellness is using Straight Extension whereby products that entering foreign market without changes as no requires RD expenses, manufacturer retooling or promotional modification. This will be an added advantage for Avery Wellness as the products is using Bahasa and English as communication to deliver the message.In other cases, this strategy may be a disaster; for example Campbell Soup Company experienced a loss of $30 million by introducing a condensed soup in England. The reason is product communication breakdown as consumers did not realize water is added in the soup by assuming the product in small can was expensive. 5. 3. 2 Price Sun SafeTM brand will be positioning as low pricng with high quality value to win loyal customers (Kotler Keller, 2012). The selling price for Sun Defense Face and Sun Sport Body in Indonesia will be set at RM 29 RM 25 respectively (VER). . 3. 3 Promotion PT BNR will be using straight extension strategy. Therefore, the company does not change the products and also promotion methods since the culture and language for both Malaysia and Indonesia are similar (Kotler Keller, 2012). For example, Ford adapted its advertising message due to the product used in United States would not be interpreted the same meaning by Spanish speakers. Sun SafeTM brand is expected to obtain sales of RM 1. 2 mil lions in 2013. PT BNR is budgeting 10% of the sales revenue for AP purposes.The advertisement campaign is mainly focus on brand awareness and the whole entire activities as below: 1)Press and magazines for sun protection information/article 2)Merchandising at beauty retail outlets. 3)Social media campaign. 4)Public relation of local Muslim Ambassador. 5)Sample distribution in shopping mall. 6)Sales Promotion. 5. 3. 4 Place PT BNR currently is having a very strong and established distribution network in broad channel for its existing product line in 30 branches covered the following chains such as: a. Pharmacy Chains b. Beauty Retailers c. Departmental Store 6. Management Structure and ControllingManagement is the process of reaching goals through the integrated of technology and human resources (Farese et al, 2002). To facilitate the effectiveness of an organization, PT BNR is currently practicing Horizontal Organization structure. Horizontal Organization involves self-managing team s that set their own goals and decisions; it helps the process of making spontaneous decision without delaying any important task (Farese et al, 2002) Marketing plan should be controlled using qualitative and quantitative standards including sales, market share, expenses, profitability and customers tracking.The controlling process is an indication to the evaluation of the effectiveness of an organization marketing plan (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). However, despite Avery Wellness is not participating in any sales and marketing activities but the director of sales will be monitoring and control the sales and marketing plan base on annual, profitability, efficiency and strategic control from time to time. 7. The Challenges for SME to Enter International MarketFrom a viewpoint of SME policy, the drastic changes in global growth and trade dynamics may open up opportunities for SMEs in international markets. However, they also pose a new challenge to policy makers in the need to design , adapt and implement effective policies to facilitate internationalization and enable SMEs to take full advantage of its benefits (Zizah Che Senik et al, 2010). In general, SMEs are considered to experience greater difficulties relative to large firms when operating internationally because of constrained resources and lack of international experience.Furthermore, the regulatory framework of some high-growth economies makes it more difficult for SMEs to enter the markets, which can be characterized by an unpredictable business environment likes frequent regulatory changes, weak protection of property rights, non-transparent judicial systems, inadequate enforcement of commercial law and specific institutional constraints. All these factors create additional challenges challenge to SMEs, which are typically resource constrained and inexperienced (Zizah Che Senik et al, 2010).A study on â€Å"Removing Barriers to SMEs Access to Global Markets† has identified in some of the barri ers that affect the decision in entering foreign market. Table 6 has shown the ranking of the barriers (Koji Ito, 2013). Table 8: Types of Barrier of entering foreign market RankingTypes of Barrier 1Inadequate of well trained personnel 2Working capital shortage 3Insufficient and limited information on market audit 4Wrongly identifying foreign business opportunities 5Time management to manage international business is lack 6Inability to rapture potential customers in oversea market 7No strategy to develop products for foreign markets Unfamiliar foreign business practices and regulation 9Product quality and standard not meet the country requirement 10Unfamiliar exporting procedures and processes Source: US International Trade Commission (2010). 9. Recommendations It is suggested that Avery Wellness should build a network in Indonesia by appointing PT BNR as a trading company to distribute its products in the country. However, it is recommended that Avery Wellness can use direct entry mode after the successful of product penetration into Indonesia market.

Despite the costs of organising nutrition support teams in hospitals, Essay

Despite the costs of organising nutrition support teams in hospitals, there is an overall saving in health care cost - Essay Example The nutritional support team provides artificial nutrition and maintains itself as the supreme source of evidence-based information about nutritional assessment and support. It audits practical standards of care and organizes ways to nutritional screening, monitoring, and assessment for doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. Nutritional Support Team also assesses different feeding routes and advises on alternative treatment options. Nutritional Support Team activities contribute to a shorter hospital stay, lower mortality rate, improved nutrition, and reduced complications (IrSPEN, 2013; Tan Tock Seng Hospital Nutrition and Dietetics Department 2015). Therefore, Nutritional Support Team decreases complications and healthcare costs through reductions in unrequited treatments and prevention of complications. Organizing of nutritional support teams incurs several costs. The costs are incurred in the clinicians or departments involved in the provision of adequate nutrition for patients. First, we have the catering staff. It is concerned with providing sufficient quantities of quality food to limit the unnecessary use of nutrition support. Patients who cannot feed on their receive food in a favorable environment. Therefore, there is spending of much cash in the provision of quality food and maintaining a healthy environment. Secondly, there are the dietitians who are concerned with the provision of nutritional support for patients who are unable to derive adequate nourishment from food. Dietitians provide nutritional screening and assessment, together with the stipulation of supplementary through oral, parenteral, and enteral routes to patients undergoing malnutrition. However, it is expensive to maintain the dietitians hence many finances spent. Third, the ward nurses look after the patients, undertake screening process, and instigate associated care pathways. They ensure

Soil strengthening of age-old-designed railway tracks Research Paper

Soil strengthening of age-old-designed railway tracks - Research Paper Example Superstructure consists of rails, fastening, and sleepers, and sub-structure consists of ballast, sub-ballast, and sub-grade. This research assignment studies the functions of substructure in track operation. Railroad substructure receives dynamic load from train movement and behaves according to the principles and laws of soil mechanics. Soil performance under loading in soil mechanics is governed by two characteristics: strength and deformation (STRATIGRAPHICS n.d.). Strength refers to the shear strength properties, and deformation refers to settlement. The proper functioning of substructure is characterized by the bearing capacity which implies that shear stresses caused by the cyclic loading has to be lower than the soil’s undrained shear strength value, and at the same time settlement will not develop plastic behavior in the soil. After a number of years of operation, instability of both super and sub structures is caused by the shear failure and plastic settlement of sub -grade. There are many factors that may contribute to the loss of soil-strength. Among them, poor drainage, and trapped water in ballast pockets play significant roles. According to Harry Cedergreen, drainage represents a significant issue for railroad construction and maintenance; stability and low maintenance cost can only exist when adequate drainage is provided (Cedergren 1989, p. 364). Sub-grade failure in railroad jargon is called â€Å"soft track† (Australian Rail Track Corporation a 2001). Soft track includes ballast failure, top formation failure, shallow sub-grade failure, embankment failure, and landslide failure. Water is one of the several contributors that cause these failures. The scope of this assignment is to study methods... The response to the cyclic loading of rail track is an interaction of superstructure and substructure. Ballast, sub-ballast, and sub-grade relates to substructure. Decades of operation bring structural changes of substructures. The sub-grades of the old existing rail tracks require rehabilitation to satisfy proper functioning and meet current technical operational standards. The scope of this assignment is to find the rehabilitation approach for the existing tracks of Australia. The solution must account that improvement of substructure by dismantling the railways is not an option due to the transport collapse, which is accompanied by financial losses. Rehabilitation of the existing railway is not a sheer issue that relates to Australia only; it is also a significant issue for the European countries, Canada, and USA. CSX Rail Line in Milstead, Alabama, USA faced excessive ballast settlement and soil pumping problems due to the poor sub-grade conditions. Moreover, Tallapoosa River run s parallel to the rail line. The rehabilitation of the track included raising the track, undercutting and removing the existing ballast, and use of filter fabric over the exposed sub-ballast, which was followed by a layer of Geogrid

DNA - Genetically modified food Essay Example for Free

DNA Genetically modified food Essay Virtually every crop we eat have undergone hundreds of years of genetic modification by farmers and scientist in search of desirable traits. Selective breeding and hybrid strains have contributed immeasurably to farm productivity during this time. Over the past 30 years however, genetic engineering has been revolutionized. While before, a farmer wanting to develop a frost resistant tomato would be able to breed towards one only if the necessary genes were available somewhere in tomatoes or a near relative to tomatoes, modern biological engineering techniques overcome such restrictions. Genetic traits from outside a species gene pool, in the tomatos case from an arctic fish, can be spliced into the organism to create an entirely different species, a transgenic organism with the typical traits of a tomato and frost resistance from a fish. The most widely used method of gene splicing, recombinant DNA, uses biochemical scissors called restriction enzymes to cut the strings of DNA, selecting required genes. These are then ferried by a virus or a bacterium that infects the host, smuggling the gene into the plants DNA. In this way scientists have been able to create slow ripening and seedless fruit, crops that grow in unfavourable conditions and are resistant to disease or herbicides and milk from cows given a genetically engineered growth hormone. The benefits of gene technology in terms of food production are enormous. The most common genetically engineered crops contain modifications that make the plants resistant to certain diseases and herbicides, or allow them to produce their own pesticides, thereby eliminating or reducing the need to spray. So-called Bt corn, for example, contains a gene resistant to the harmful mycotoxin fungus and herbicide producers, Monsanto have created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be unaffected by their product Roundup. The soybean farmer therefore can avoid targeting specific weeds and require just one application of a general weed-killer, reducing costs and agricultural waste run-off. Genetically modified crops are also being adapted to grow in salty, dry or frosty environments, contain edible vaccines, have a longer shelf life and be more nutritious. A group of Swiss and German scientists recently developed a strain of GM rice know as ? golden rice due to its altered colour. Containing genes that produce a unusually high amount of beta-carotene (vitamin A), this rice could be a solution to the thousands of poor children in Asia who eat little but rice and go blind or die from lack of vitamin A Public reaction to the use of recombinant DNA in genetic engineering however has been mixed. Sliding US export commodities such as genetically modified soybeans and corn have highlighted hardened public opinion and widespread resistance to biotech crops, especially in the European Union. Concerns about GM foods fall into three categories: economics, environmental hazards and human health risks. The latter two have been the subject of hot debate, both in Australia and overseas. Environmental damage from GM crops can be caused through various channels. One of the main concerns has been the possibility of gene transfer to a non-target species, that is crops engineered for herbicide tolerance and weeds cross-breeding, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance to create ? superweeds. In addition, environmentalists fear that transgenic plants may proliferate rapidly, pollinating natural plants in their surroundings eliminating existing species. Further environmental suspicions include those of unintended harm to other organisms (especially non-target insects) and of the reduced effectiveness of pesticides once insects become tolerant to a crops natural pesticide. Questions have also been raised on the human impact of genetically modified organisms. Critics of recombinant DNA fear that the pathogenic, or disease-producing organisms used in some recombinant DNA experiments might develop extremely infectious forms that could cause worldwide epidemics. Likewise, the unknown effect of foreign genes introduced into GM food crops in terms of human health also presents a controversial issue. Furthermore, there is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. A proposal to incorporate a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans in order to increase their nutritional value was abandoned when it was found that the genetically engineered soybeans caused an allergic reaction in people sensitive to Brazil nuts. For these reasons, extensive testing and labelling of GM foods may be required to avoid the possibility of harm to consumers with food allergies. Biotechnology has started to revolutionise food production, with fantastic results. With the world population of 6 billion expected to double in the next 50 years and an adequate food supply becoming a major challenge it will no doubt continue to do so in the future.

Feminist Literary Criticism and Lysistrata Essay -- Literary Analysis,

Classically, women playwrights are almost completely absent. There were virtually no women writers at all up until at least the seventeenth century. This fact originally led feminist critics to disregard the classical period. In an article titled â€Å"Classical Drag: The Greek Creation of Female Parts,† Sue Ellen Case states that because â€Å"traditional scholarship has focused on evidence related to written texts, the absence of women playwrights became central to early feminist investigations† (132). Despite this absence of female writers, feminist critics analyze the role of women in ancient Greece in other ways. Recently, feminist writers have been able to delve further into the classical period by examining female characters from the works of male playwrights. The construction of women in male literature is extremely important. Peter Barry, in his chapter on feminist literary criticism in his book Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, asserts that observing the female characters in works by men is important because it provides â€Å"role models which indicated to women, and men, what constituted acceptable version of the ‘feminine’ and legitimate feminine goals and aspirations† (122). Looking into the roles of the women within the works helps us determine the kind of role women and men occupy in relation to each other in addition to the personal characteristics of the women. This insight into the relations between men and women adds a new layer of knowledge for feminist critics. The depiction of women by women writers differs greatly from the depiction of women by male writers. Women, as represented by men, represent stereotypes of actual women. That is, â€Å"the feminist critic may assume that the images of... ...ial and cultural evidence of the role of women in ancient Greece. Despite the fact that he is indeed a man, Aristophanes does a good job capturing certain aspects of his female characters: their drive to succeed, their natural coquettishness, the general desire to end war diplomatically, and their devout servitude to the gods. Aristophanes also has a very firm grasp of the social situation of women in his time. For example, he knows where the line of rebellion would be drawn: if the husbands forced the wives into having sex, they must relent. He knows how the ultimately defer to their husbands’ judgment, particularly in political matters. Lastly, he knows that their concerns are chiefly domestic. However, he generally misunderstands or misrepresents many aspects of the female character. The feminist literary critic would be quick to point these discrepancies out.

Past and Present Native American Affairs

After examining the past of Native Americans, their wanting to have a piece of the government pie, and the present affairs under the reservations is different to the living circumstances of Native Americans. It starts with issues such as drug abuse and prevention within the tribes. The next step for them is to ensure they have enough money to support their tribes and encompasses all their needs. Finally, it is how the tribes give back to the states they decide to build casinos in. In the article, â€Å"Drug Czar Urges Tribal Leaders to Focus on Youth Drug Preventions,† posted by the US Newswire on September 6, 2000, discuses about how American Indian youth has the highest percentage of drug abuse in America at this time. The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy Director Barry R. McCaffery has promoted a campaign to prevent the drug use. The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) has invested in over $3 million reaching out to tweens and teens. Also, McCaffery thinks that if every parent in America along with American Indian parents would talk to their children about drugs, that it would make a huge difference. In the article, â€Å"In Shift, Interior Dept. May Allow Tribes to Build Casinos far From Reservations,† talks about the Bush-era rule â€Å"allows Indian tribe to build casinos far from the reservations, raising the possibility that new gambling resorts could be built close to New York and elsewhere around the country†. In 2008 tribes couldn’t open beyond their commuting distance, but this led to being rejected from at least 22 applications. This does not mean the casinos are approved yet though. Nelson Rose, a professor at Whittier Law School in California this there’s to much money involved. Some tribes like the Mississippi Band of Choctaws could benefit from this, since they plan for a $375 million casino/ hotel 175 miles away. It could be a benefit to others as well, considering it could bring thousands of jobs. But only five tribes have been approved for this in the 23 years Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulation Act. In article one states that American Indians and Alaskan Native children were the highest drug users amongst teens. Since then, the National Drug Policy has invested the time, effort, and money to educate parents as well as their children about drugs and alcohol. In article two they are talking about the revenue they made the state and how much they were able to put into education funds. These casinos are not being built for teens to enjoy. They are meant for adult leisure. Article two showed how much money they are placing into education for the entire state and not just for certain populations. Both articles discuss education, however article two highlights it and makes it a positive thing for the state the casino is built in. Article one is explaining us that they had to invest money for this certain problem. This is not just an American Indian or Native Alaska problem. It’s our country’s issue. All over our country we are seeing proposals for casinos that are backed by Native American tribes. The government in some states saw it as an advantage and took it, while others still battle with the idea of having a casino in their state. Casinos are the adult’s version of Disney Land and the chances of the government lowering the age to gamble is non existing. There is no relation between drug use and where the casinos are. These casinos have been built and they are continuously pouring money back into the state and keeping the taxes low and filling the necessary gaps as well as putting in extra money where we need it. Education is one of the toughest battles when it comes to funding and if these casinos are putting money into this fund to allow all children to go to school and be safe, then what is the problem? I would not change the Columbus Holiday. Columbus is one of our founding fathers and he should be appreciated for that. For if he did not come over here, where would be now? We could still be over in Europe somewhere. A few other reasons why I enjoy Columbus Day are: it’s a day off from school and it gives me an opportunity to spend time with my two little brothers and my mom. I understand what he did to the Native Americans; however like many of our other founding fathers he did what he was right for his people at that time. That is why it is called history so we know not to repeat it.